Research supported by:
Earthwatch Institute

My expedition fellowship is funded by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

The Live from the Field program is made possible by a generous grant from National Geographic Education Foundation.

October 5, 2007 Our Final Day

It was our last day together. We all spent time entering information into the data base. There were many, many moths in small bags (glassines). Each bag was labeled with name of the order of the moth (butterflies are actually a type of moth) and a number. The moths were from Ecuador and Costa Rica. These are other places where work for this project is being done.

Then we met with Dr. Dyer. He went over in detail the orders of moths. He emphasized again that this project is about interactions. All the different experiments we have been working on are developing our understanding of the relationship between caterpillars, their parasites, plants, and variations in the environment such as rain, temperature, carbon dioxide levels.

I did read about this research before I went but actually assisting and working alongside the scientists helped me to have a much deeper level of understanding. It brought home to me the importance of doing science not just reading or discussing it.

It was interesting also to talk to the scientists and to learn about how they had come to design their experiments and how they collected data. The work was very straightforward. The scientists have studied a long time and are very knowledgeable but I hope that I can bring to my students that this is something they can do. Science is a door that is open to them.
Today we did not go to the swamp because it was raining too hard. So I stayed in the bag room and I looked though the bags to see if any adult moths were emerging. I did find one small moth but it was dead. We also cleaned out the mold in some of the bags. In one bag a pupa turned out to not be one but to be a caterpillar. He was a little tiny one. We had to make a note to get him some food.

Later I prepared soil (sand and peat) 10 trays of little pots the I placed alfafa seeds into the pots. The seeds wil make small plants and caterpillars will be place on the plants. The plants will be in containers that have different amounts of CO2 and different temperatures. They will see how both the plants and the caterpillars fare.I explained how in the class we do very similar experiments. We don't have different amounts of CO2 but we see how plants do with different amounts of sand, clay, peat, etc.

I 'm excited to come back and start some new experiments.Someone said they thought I should continue this blog to show how I'm using what I have learned and to continue to share what we are doing. I think that is a great idea.

I was happy to see my class by compter today. Katelyn and other students have asked me how caterpillars turn into moths. I asked some scientists for you. They all said that it is just amazing. Inside the hard shell of the pupa, that caterpillar turns completely into liquid and then reassembles itself. The scientists I talked to said that it is still a mystery. No one know exactly how this is done.

Honey Island Swamp

Yesterday we spent the day at Honey Island Swamp. I will go again this afternoon. It was very beautiful there. To get ready we had to put on big rubber boots. These boots were mostly to protect ourselves from snakes. We found ourselves next to a five foot long king snake! We saw other snakes also. There were a lot of snakes. We also saw alligators, turtles, and deer.

Back to our mission, we were there to collect caterpillars. Rebecca Hazen, our scientist, decided on a little plot in the swamp and we went to work. We looked under all the leaves. Then we took a beating sheet and a stick and beat the trees to make caterpillars fall on the white sheet. The picture you see is of Sarah Farnham, a teacher from Maine. Other things also fell on to the sheet, mostly spiders. The orb weaver is not on the sheet. I had someone put the sheet behind it so you could see it. It is on its web. The spider is bigger than the hand of an adult. Oh, we found fifteen caterpillars and that pupa. We labeled them and took them back to the lab.
It was wonderful talking to everyone yesterday. The scientists thought your questions were very interesting. Katelyn, I’m sorry we didn’t answer your question about how a caterpillar changes into a butterfly. I will ask some of the scientists and record their question on video.
I hope we answered some of your questions about how caterpillars protect themselves. I will try to photograph some of the caterpillars they have here so you can see the different ways they protect themselves. In general, caterpillars who are well camouflaged aren't poisonous. Caterpillars who have spikes and other defenses aren't usually camouflaged.

Today I dissected caterpillars. The scientist, her name is Angela, places glass beads inside live caterpillars. These beads are the same size as the eggs that the wasps lay in the caterpillars. She leaves the beads in for 24 hours and then dissects the caterpillar to get the bead out to see how the caterpillar tried to protect itself. At first, it was really difficult to dissect the caterpillars. The beads are so small you can only see them through the microscope. So I had to look through the microscope while I was dissecting. At first it was very difficult for me. I didn’t think I would be able to do but by the end of the day I did become able to do it. I didn’t give up!

Tomorrow we go to the swamp to collect caterpillars.
Today we all met in New Orleans. We ate a great dinner and went over our schedule. Some of us will be dissecting caterpillars. We need to look at them closely to understand their defenses. Not everyone volunteered!
It is Friday and I leave tomorrow to go to New Orleans. My students and I are very excited. My challenge to my second grade students was to think of themselves as scientists going on this expedition. What questions would they ask themselves before they leave?

They came up with some wonderful questions.

Skyler wonders. Do scientists ever eat caterpillars to see if they taste bad? Is one of the natural defenses that they taste bad?

From James: What do we do with caterpillars after we collect them?

Jaylen asks: If we want to understand why caterpillars don't eat some plants, what do we do? How do you look inside a plant?

To my class: keep sending me questions. I did not write all your questions. Ask Ms. Monteverde to help you post your questions. You can also ask me questions when I call you on the computer

To prepare for this trip, we did many activities. We created diversity collages; we developed our understanding of how although people have differences, our similarities are greater. We are one species. Then we looked at other creatures, including butterflies and moths, to understand why they are different species not just different sizes or colors. We looked at what they eat and how they might protect themselves. We had fun pantomiming different scenarios, e.g. a bird spitting out an insect.

To understand the role of carbon dioxide and climate change, we played a game with a ball pretending we were either a plant producing oxygen or a person, car, cow producing carbon dioxide. The idea is to quickly catch the ball and throw it back but pretty soon the trees and plants were overwhelmed.

I, too, am having trouble connecting my gabcast to my blog but go to gabcast.com and search Hunting for Caterpillars to hear me. If you have some advice on this issure, please post it to me.
In a month, I will be in New Orleans ready to participate in Hunting for Caterpillars. My blog will be the record of my experiences. I’m looking forward to working with the scientists and taking part in this scientific endeavor. This project revolves around efforts to document the diversity of caterpillars and their parasitoids. So I will be collecting caterpillars!

The scientists are also studying how different caterpillar defenses work against their natural enemies. They will use the knowledge they acquire to create possible alternatives to pesticides which cause environmental problems.

This investigation is part of a global effort to understand climate change. The project has already discovered a strong link between precipitation and parasitism. What might a warming earth mean for the future of butterflies and moths?